Sec. 2. Excise tax on undistributed required payouts from endowments of certain institutions of higher education
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Subchapter H of chapter 42 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended to read as follows: Sec. 4968. Excise tax on undistributed required payouts from endowments of certain institutions of higher education. There is hereby imposed, on an undistributed required payout of a qualified institution of higher education for a taxable year, on the first day of the first academic period beginning after the close of such taxable year, a tax equal to 1.4 percent of such undistributed required payout as of such day. In any case in which an initial tax is imposed under subsection
(a)on an undistributed required payout, if any portion of such undistributed required payout exists— on the date which is 1 year after the date on which the initial tax was imposed, there is hereby imposed an additional tax equal to 30 percent of such undistributed required payout as of the date such tax is imposed, and on the date which is 2 years after the date on which the initial tax was imposed, there is hereby imposed an additional tax equal to 100 percent of such undistributed required payout as of the date such tax is imposed. No deduction shall be allowed under any provision of this title (including sections 170, 545(b)(2), 556(b)(2), 642(c), 2055, 2106(a)(2), and 2522) with respect to any contribution to an organization during a contribution suspension period. For purposes of ths subsection, the term contribution suspension period means, with respect to any qualified institution of higher education, the period beginning on the day after a return under section 6033 is filed for a taxable year for which there is an undistributed required payout, and ending on the first day no portion of such undistributed required payout exists. If the deductibility of contributions is suspended under this subsection, the Internal Revenue Service shall update the listings of tax-exempt organizations, and the Internal Revenue Service and such organization shall publish appropriate notice to the public of such suspension and of the fact that contributions to such organization are not deductible during the period of such suspension. With respect to a qualified institution of higher education for a taxable year, if, during the one-year period preceding the date on which an initial tax under subsection
(a)would (but for this subsection) be imposed on the undistributed required payout for such taxable year, each degree-seeking working-family student receives an amount of grants for such period that is not less than the cost of attendance for such student at such institution during such period, no tax shall be imposed under this section on the undistributed required payout for such taxable year. For purposes of this section— The term qualified institution of higher education means an eligible educational institution (as defined in section 25A(f)(2))— which had at least 500 tuition-paying students during the preceding taxable year, more than 50 percent of the tuition-paying students of which are located in the United States, the aggregate fair market value of the assets of which at the end of the preceding taxable year (other than those assets which are used directly in carrying out the institution's exempt purpose) is at least $500,000 per student of the institution, and of which less than the applicable percentage of undergraduates enrolled during the taxable year receive Federal Pell Grants under section 401 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 ( 20 U.S.C. 1070a ). For purposes of subparagraph (A), the number of students of an institution (including for purposes of determining the number of students at a particular location) shall be based on the daily average number of full-time students attending such institution (with part-time students taken into account on a full-time student equivalent basis). For purposes of subparagraph (A), the applicable percentage is— in the case of taxable years beginning in 2018, 28 percent, in the case of taxable years beginning in 2019, 29 percent, in the case of taxable years beginning in 2020, 30 percent, in the case of taxable years beginning in 2021, 31 percent, in the case of taxable years beginning in 2022, 32 percent, and in the case of taxable years beginning after 2022, 33 percent. With respect to a qualified institution of higher education for a taxable year— The term undistributed required payout means, as of a date on which a tax is imposed under subsection
(a)or (b), the amount by which— the required payout for such taxable year, exceeds the grants to working-family students made by such institution before such date out of such required payout. If an undistributed required payout with respect to a qualified institution of higher education for a taxable year is not more than 1 percent of the required payout with respect to such institution for such taxable year (or, if less, $250,000), subsections (a), (b), and
(c)shall not apply with respect to such undistributed required payout. A grant out of a required payout for a working-family student for an academic period shall only qualify for the purposes of subparagraph (A)(ii) to the extent that the amount of grants by such institution for such student for such academic period is not more than the least amount of grants given by such institution out of such required payout for such academic period to any degree-seeking working-family student with a lower household income than such student. For purposes of the preceding sentence, grant amounts shall be determined on a per credit basis. The term required payout means, with respect to any qualified institution of higher education for any taxable year, an amount equal to 25 percent of the average net investment income with respect to such institution for such taxable year and the preceding 6 taxable years. The term net investment income means, with respect to any qualified institution of higher education for any taxable year, the excess (if any) of— the aggregate fair market value of all endowments of such institution (determined as of the close of the preceding taxable year), minus any contributions to such endowments received during such preceding taxable year, plus any spending from such endowments during such preceding taxable year, over the aggregate fair market value of all endowments of such institution (determined as of the close of the second preceding taxable year). The term grant for a working-family student means, with respect to a qualified institution of higher education, a grant by such institution for all or a portion of the cost of attendance to a working-family student attending such institution. The term working-family student means, with respect to a qualified institution of higher education for a taxable year, an individual— who is enrolled (part-time or full-time) as an undergraduate student in such institution during an academic period beginning in such taxable year; and whose household income for the taxable year does not exceed 600 percent of an amount equal to the poverty line for a family of the size involved. The term cost of attendance , with respect to a student attending a qualified institution of higher education for an academic period, has the meaning given such term in section 472 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 ( 20 U.S.C. 1087ll ), less any grants for cost of attendance (as defined in such section) received by such student from any person other than such institution during such academic period. For purposes of this section, a qualified institution of higher education may rely on data from Free Applications for Federal Student Aid authorized under section 483(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 ( 20 U.S.C. 1092(a) ). The terms family size , household income , and poverty line have the respective meanings given such terms in section 36B(d). In the case of any student with respect to whom a deduction is allowable under section 151 to another taxpayer, the terms family size and household income shall be determined with respect to such other taxpayer. For purposes of paragraphs (1)(A)(iii) and (4), assets and net investment income of any related organization with respect to an educational institution shall be treated as assets and net investment income, respectively, of the educational institution, except that— no such amount shall be taken into account with respect to more than 1 educational institution, and unless such organization is controlled by such institution or is described in section 509(a)(3) with respect to such institution for the taxable year, assets and net investment income which are not intended or available for the use or benefit of the educational institution shall not be taken into account. For purposes of this subsection, the term related organization means, with respect to an educational institution, any organization which— controls, or is controlled by, such institution, is controlled by one or more persons which also control such institution, or is a supported organization (as defined in section 509(f)(3)), or an organization described in section 509(a)(3), during the taxable year with respect to such institution. . Section 170 of such Code is amended— by redesignating subsection
(p)as subsection (q); and by inserting after subsection
(o)the following new subsection: In the case of contributions by an individual to a institution of higher education (as defined in subsection section 4968(e))— if the use of any such amounts are restricted by the taxpayer to a use other than scholarships, no deduction shall be allowed for so much of the aggregate of such restricted contributions for the taxable year as exceeds $5,000, if the use of such amounts are unrestricted, the amount taken into account under this section for the taxable year shall include an allowance equal to 25 percent of the aggregate amount of such unrestricted contributions, and if the use of any such amounts are restricted by the taxpayer to scholarships for working-family students (as defined in section 4968(e)(5)(B)), the amount taken into account under this section for the taxable year shall include an allowance equal to 50 percent of the aggregate amount of such scholarship restricted contributions. Any such allowance shall be taken into account under this section in the same manner as the contribution with respect to which such allowance was determined, except that the limitation with respect to an individual for any taxable year under subsection (b)(1)(A) shall be increased by the amount of any allowances allowed under paragraphs
(B)or
(C)for such taxable year. For purposes of this subsection, the term educational institution means an institution that is described in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 ( 20 U.S.C. 1001 ). . Section 501 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection: An institution of higher education (as defined in section 170(p)(2)) shall not be treated as described in subsection (c)(3) unless the institution submits to the Secretary (at such time and in such manner as the Secretary shall prescribe) 5-year plans which— are designed to ensure the percentage increase in the cost of education for any academic year at such institution (as compared to the preceding academic year) will not exceed the percentage increase in the Consumer Price Index for all-urban consumers published by the Department of Labor (for the same periods), in the case of any plan after the first 5-year plan submitted under this paragraph, describe any failure to achieve the goals of the preceding 5-year plan and any steps being taken to address such failures, identify areas in which costs are projected to increase the most and the measures being taken to address such cost increases, and contain such other information as the Secretary determines is necessary for carrying out the purposes of this subsection. The plan shall include a report which includes information detailing salaries paid by the institution, any certified audited financial statement, any fees paid by the institution for investment management services, the institutions’s long-term spending plan, the institution’s investments (including the risk profile and expected rate of return of such investments), and the institution’s 5 largest spending categories, the amounts spent within those categories, and the 5 items within each category on which the most is spent. The institution shall make such plan publicly available and include such plan on the institution’s website. A qualified institution of higher education (as defined in section 4968(e)(1)) shall not be treated as described in subsection (c)(3) unless— at least 20 percent of the students of such institution are eligible to receive a Federal Pell Grant under section 401 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 for the academic year beginning in the taxable year, and at least 50 percent of the students of such institution have household income for the taxable year that does not exceed 600 percent of an amount equal to the poverty line for a family of the size involved (determined under rules similar to the rules of section 4968(e)(8)). . The table of subchapters for chapter 42 of such Code is amended by adding at the end the following new item: Subchapter H. Failure by certain institutions of higher education to make certain payouts . The amendments made by this section shall apply to taxable years beginning after the date of enactment of this Act.
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Sec. 2
Excise tax on undistributed required payouts from endowments of certain institutions of higher education
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