Sec. 2. Findings
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Congress makes the following findings: On February 12, 2013, the Government of North Korea declared that it had conducted its third test of a nuclear device, following its first self-declared test on October 9, 2006, and its second test on May 25, 2009. United Nations Security Council Resolution 1718, adopted on October 14, 2006, condemned the nuclear test proclaimed by North Korea on October 9, 2006, in flagrant disregard of its relevant resolutions, in particular Security Council Resolution 1695 (2006), and demanded that North Korea not conduct any further nuclear test or launch of a ballistic missile; immediately retract its announcement of withdrawal from the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, done at Washington, London, and Moscow July 1, 1968, and entered into force March 5, 1970 (NPT); and return to the NPT and International Atomic Energy Agency
(IAEA)safeguards. United Nations Security Council Resolution 1718 further decided that North Korea shall suspend all activities related to its ballistic missile program and in this context re-establish its pre-existing commitments to a moratorium on missile launching; shall abandon all nuclear weapons and existing nuclear programs in a complete, verifiable, and irreversible manner; shall act strictly in accordance with the obligations applicable to parties under the NPT and the terms and conditions of its IAEA Safeguards Agreement; shall provide the IAEA transparency measures extending beyond these requirements, including such access to individuals, documentation, equipments and facilities as may be required and deemed necessary by the IAEA; and shall abandon all other existing weapons of mass destruction
(WMD)and its ballistic missile program in a complete, verifiable, and irreversible manner. United Nations Security Council Resolution 1718 also required United Nations Member States to prevent— transfers to, and procurement from, North Korea of— items, materials, equipment, goods, and technology listed in the resolution; and other items, determined by the Security Council or the 1718 Committee, which could contribute to North Korea’s nuclear-related, ballistic missile-related, or other weapons of mass destruction-related programs; certain military equipment or technology transfers related to the prohibited items; and the transfer of luxury goods to North Korea. United Nations Security Council Resolution 1718 further required United Nations Member States to prevent the entry into and transit through their territories of individuals designated by the Security Council or the 1718 Committee as being responsible for North Korea’s ballistic missile-related, nuclear-related, or other weapons of mass destruction-related programs, and the immediate freezing of funds, other financial assets, and economic resources of persons or entities designated by the Security Council or the 1718 Committee as being engaged in or providing support for such programs, or by persons or entities acting on their behalf or at their direction. On May 25, 2009, the Government of North Korea declared that it had conducted a second test of a nuclear device. United Nations Security Council Resolution 1874, adopted on June 12, 2009— decided that North Korea shall abandon all nuclear weapons and existing nuclear programs in a complete, verifiable, and irreversible manner; authorized and required United Nations Member States to seize and dispose of proscribed illicit North Korea items related to its missile, nuclear, and WMD programs identified in inspections called for by the resolution; banned the export to North Korea of all arms and related material other than small arms and light weapons; and decided that Member States shall— prevent the provision of financial services or the transfer to, through, or from their territory of any financial or other assets or resources that could contribute to North Korea’s nuclear-related, ballistic missile-related, or other WMD-related programs or activities; and deny fuel or supplies to service the vessels carrying them except where necessary on humanitarian grounds. On December 12, 2012, in flagrant defiance of past United Nations Security Council resolutions, the international community, and its Six-Party partners, the Government of North Korea launched a three-stage, long-range missile, which overflew Japanese territory near Okinawa and dropped debris into the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea, and waters adjacent to the Philippines. The United Nations Security Council adopted Security Council Resolution 2087 on January 22, 2013, which condemned North Korea's December 12, 2012, missile launch as a breach of Security Council Resolutions 1718 and 1874, demanded that North Korea abandon all nuclear weapons and existing nuclear programs in a complete, verifiable, and irreversible manner, and expressed the determination of the Security Council to take significant action in the event of a further DPRK launch or nuclear test . the transition to the leadership of Kim Jong-Un after the death of Kim Jong-Il has introduced new uncertainties, yet the fundamental human rights and humanitarian conditions inside North Korea remain deplorable, thousands of North Koreans remain imprisoned in modern-day gulags, North Korean refugees remain acutely vulnerable, and the findings in the North Korean Human Rights Act of 2004 ( Public Law 108–333 ; 22 U.S.C. 7801 et seq. ), the North Korean Human Rights Reauthorization Act of 2008 ( Public Law 110–346 ), and the Ambassador James R. Lilley and Congressman Stephen J. Solarz North Korea Human Rights Reauthorization Act of 2012 ( Public Law 112–172 ) remain substantially accurate today. There has been extensive military cooperation between the Governments of North Korea and Iran that dates back to the 1980s. The latest provocative and defiant action by the Government of North Korea represents a direct threat to the United States and to our regional allies and partners.
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- Pub. L. 108-333
- Pub. L. 110-346
- Pub. L. 112-172
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