Sec. 105. Tsunami Warning and Education Act reauthorization

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The Tsunami Warning and Education Act (enacted as title VIII of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Reauthorization Act of 2006 ( Public Law 109–479 )) is amended in the title heading, by inserting , after Research, . Warning Section 803 of the Tsunami Warning and Education Act ( 33 U.S.C. 3202 ) is amended— in paragraph (2), by inserting timeliness and before accuracy ; in paragraph (7), by striking and after the semicolon; in paragraph (8), by striking the period and inserting ; and ; and by adding at the end the following: to ensure data and metadata are managed, archived, and made available for operations, research, education, and mitigation activities in accordance with section 305 of the Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 2017. .

Section 804 of the Tsunami Warning and Education Act ( 33 U.S.C. 3203 ) is amended— in subsection (b)— in paragraph (4), by inserting , using industry and scientific best practices, after operational condition ; in paragraph (5)— in subparagraph (C), by striking global seismic network and inserting Global Seismic Network ; by redesignating subparagraphs (D), (E), (F), and (G), as subparagraphs (E), (F), (G), and (H), respectively; and by inserting after subparagraph

(C)the following: the global navigation satellite system network; ; by amending paragraph

(6)to read as follows: ensure data quality and management systems, support data and metadata access and archiving, and support the requirements of the program pursuant to the Foundations for Evidence-Based Policymaking Act of 2018 ( Public Law 115–435 ) and chapter 31 of title 44, United States Code; ; in paragraph (7)— by amending the matter preceding subparagraph

(A)to read as follows: include a cooperative effort among the Administration, the United States Geological Survey, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the National Science Foundation under which the Director of the United States Geological Survey, the Director of the National Science Foundation, and the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration shall— ; in subparagraph (A), by striking and at the end; and by adding at the end the following: provide reliable and real-time support for the global navigation satellite system network data streams from networks maintained by the National Science Foundation, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the United States Geological Survey, and supplement instrumentation coverage for rapid earthquake assessment; assess the data and information relating to warning systems of collaborating agencies for potential utilization in the warning system of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, taking into consideration advancement in research and technology; incorporate, as practicable, tsunami notifications and warnings in the Earthquake Early Warning System of the United States Geological Survey; and incorporate, as practicable, preliminary analysis or data from the National Earthquake Information Center regarding the source and magnitude of an offshore earthquake within 5 minutes of detection; ; in paragraph (8)— by inserting and decision support aides after graphical warning products, ; and by inserting -prone after tsunami ; in paragraph (9), by striking and after the semicolon; in paragraph (10), by striking the period and inserting ; and ; and by adding at the end the following: update tsunami inundation maps, models, or other geographic products, in order to best support, as appropriate, relevant agencies with tsunami mitigation and recovery activities. ; in subsection (c)— by striking paragraph

(1)and redesignating paragraphs

(2)and

(3)as paragraphs

(1)and (2), respectively; and in paragraph (1), as so redesignated— by striking the Atlantic Ocean, including the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico, that are determined— and inserting the Pacific, Arctic, and Atlantic Oceans, including the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico, that are determined to pose significant risks of tsunami for States and United States territories along the coastal areas of such regions; and ; and by striking subparagraphs

(A)and (B); by redesignating subsections (d), (e), (f), and

(g)as subsections (e), (f), (g), and (h), respectively; by inserting after subsection

(c)the following: The Administrator, in collaboration with social scientists, emergency personnel, and high-risk communities, shall— evaluate tsunami alert levels terminology, timing, and effectiveness; determine if such alerts produce the desired response and understanding from possible tsunami-prone communities; and if necessary, update the alert level system for increased effectiveness. ; in subsection (e), as so redesignated— in paragraph (1)— in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by inserting responsible for Alaska, the continental United States, Hawaii, United States territories, and international entities the Administrator determines appropriate before the period; in subparagraph (A), by striking , which is primarily responsible for Alaska and the continental United States ; and in subparagraph (B), by striking , which is primarily responsible for Hawaii, the Caribbean, and other areas of the Pacific not covered by the National Center ; in paragraph (2)— in subparagraph (A), by inserting current, after sea level, ; in subparagraph (B), by striking and volcanic eruptions and inserting volcanic eruptions, or other sources ; in subparagraph (C), by striking buoy data and tidal and inserting and coastal ; in subparagraph (E), by striking Integrated Ocean Observing System of the Administration and inserting United States and global ocean and coastal observing system ; in subparagraph (H), by inserting monitoring needs, after response, ; and by amending subparagraph

(I)to read as follows: Providing a Tsunami Warning Coordinator to coordinate with partners and stakeholders products and services of the centers supported or maintained under paragraph (1). ; by amending paragraph

(3)to read as follows: The Administrator shall support and maintain fail-safe warning capability for the tsunami warning centers supported or maintained under paragraph (1), and such centers shall conduct at least one service backup drill biannually. ; in paragraph (4)— by amending the matter preceding subparagraph

(A)to read as follows: The Administrator shall coordinate with the weather forecast offices of the National Weather Service, the centers supported or maintained under paragraph (1), and such national and regional program offices of the Administration as the Administrator or the coordinating committee, as established in section 805(b), consider appropriate to ensure that regional and local weather forecast offices— ; in subparagraph (B), by striking and after the semicolon; in subparagraph (C), by striking the period and inserting ; and ; and by adding at the end the following: conduct education and outreach efforts to help prepare coastal communities for tsunami hazards. ; in paragraph (5)— in the paragraph heading, by striking and inserting Uniform ; Standardized in subparagraph (A), by striking uniform and inserting standardized ; in subparagraph (C)(ii), by striking uniform and inserting standardized ; in subparagraph (D), by striking and after the semicolon; in subparagraph (E), by striking the period and inserting ; and ; and by adding at the end the following: align the analytic techniques and methodologies of the existing tsunami warning centers supported or maintained under paragraph

(1)to ensure seamless continuity of operations and mitigate risk of operational failure by prioritizing investments that include— replacing end of life equipment; ensuring product consistency; enabling consistent operational process for backup capabilities; mitigating existing operational security risks; and meeting information security requirements specified in chapter 35 of title 44, United States Code. ; and by adding at the end the following: Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this paragraph and annually thereafter until such time as all relevant requirements have been satisfied, the Administrator shall provide to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives an update briefing on the progress of the following: Standardizing products and procedures under paragraph (5), including tsunami assessments, forecast guidance, and related products. Migrating the message generation systems of the centers supported or maintained under paragraph

(1)to the Advanced Weather Information Processing System, or successor systems. The structural reorganization effort, if necessary, to align the organizational charts of those centers. The expected timeline for the full completion of standardizing the products and procedures of those centers. ; in subsection (f), as so redesignated— in paragraph (1)— in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by inserting detect, measure, and after used to ; in subparagraph (B), by striking and after the semicolon; in subparagraph (C), by striking and the Advanced National Seismic System; and inserting the Advanced National Seismic System, and the global navigation satellite system; and ; and by adding at the end the following: by ensuring research is coordinated with tsunami warning operations; ; and in paragraph (3), by inserting according to industry best practices before the period; and in subsection (h)(2)(A), as so redesignated, by striking accuracy of the tsunami model used and inserting timeliness and accuracy of the forecast used to issue the warning . The Tsunami Warning and Education Act (enacted as title VIII of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Reauthorization Act of 2006 ( Public Law 109–479 )) is amended by inserting after section 804 ( 33 U.S.C. 3203 ) the following: Not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of this section, the Under Secretary shall— conduct an assessment of— the tsunami watches and warnings of the National Weather Service; and the information delivery to support preparation and responses to tsunamis; and submit to Congress a report on the findings of the Under Secretary with respect to the assessment required by subparagraph (A). The assessment required by paragraph (1)(A) shall include the following: An evaluation of whether the watches, warnings, and information described in paragraph (1)(A) effectively— communicate risk to the general public; inform action to prevent loss of life and property; inform action to support tsunami preparation and response; and deliver information in a manner designed to lead to appropriate action. Subject to subsection (b)(2), such recommendations as the Under Secretary may have for— legislative and administrative action to improve the watches and warnings described in paragraph (1)(A)(i); and such research as the Under Secretary considers necessary to address the focus areas described in paragraph (3). The assessment required by paragraph (1)(A) shall focus on the following areas: Ways to communicate the risks posed by hazardous tsunami events to the public that are most likely to result in informed decision making regarding the mitigation of those risks. Ways to provide actionable geographic information to the recipient of a watch or warning for tsunami, including partnering with emergency response agencies, as appropriate. Evaluation of information delivery to support the preparation for and response to tsunamis. In conducting the assessment required by paragraph (1)(A), the Under Secretary shall consult with— individuals in the academic sector, including individuals in the fields of social and behavioral sciences; other weather services; media outlets and other entities that distribute the watches and warnings described in paragraph (1)(A)(i); emergency planners and responders, including State, local, and Tribal emergency management agencies; other government users of the watches and warnings described in paragraph (1)(A)(i), including the Federal Highway Administration; and such other Federal agencies as the Under Secretary determines rely on watches and warnings regarding tsunamis for operational decisions. In conducting the assessment required by paragraph (1)(A), the Under Secretary shall use such methodologies as the Under Secretary considers are generally accepted by the weather enterprise, including methodologies of the fields of social and behavioral sciences. Based on the assessment required by subsection (a)(1)(A), the Under Secretary shall make such improvements to the watches and warnings described in that subsection as the Under Secretary considers necessary— to improve the communication of the risks posed by tsunami events; and to provide actionable geographic information to the recipient of a watch or warning for a tsunami. In conducting the assessment required by subsection (a)(1)(A), the Under Secretary shall ensure that any recommendation under subsection (a)(2)(B) that the Under Secretary considers a major change— is validated by social and behavioral science using a generalizable sample; accounts for the needs of various demographics, vulnerable populations, and geographic regions; responds to the needs of Federal, State, local, and Tribal government partners and media partners; and accounts for necessary changes to federally operated watch and warning propagation and dissemination infrastructure and protocols. . The table of contents for the Tsunami Warning and Education Act (enacted as title VIII of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Reauthorization Act of 2006 ( Public Law 109–479 )) is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 804 the following: Sec. 804A. Assessment of tsunami watches and warnings. . Section 805(c) of the Tsunami Warning and Education Act ( 33 U.S.C. 3204(c) ) is amended— in paragraph (5)— by redesignating subparagraphs (B), (C), (D), (E), (F), and

(G)as subparagraphs (C), (D), (E), (F), (G), and (H), respectively; by inserting after subparagraph

(A)the following: Coastal digital elevation models to support the development of inundation maps. ; and by adding at the end the following: Evaluation of the variation of inundation impact resulting from tsunami-driven sediment transport. Evaluation of tsunami debris impact on critical infrastructure (as defined in subsection

(e)of the Critical Infrastructures Protection Act of 2001 ( 42 U.S.C. 5195c )) and lifelines. High-resolution and high-quality digital elevation models needed for at-risk coastlines, ports, and harbors, particularly for regions not covered by existing inundation maps. ; and in paragraph (7)(C), by inserting and behavioral after social . Section 806 of the Tsunami Warning and Education Act ( 33 U.S.C. 3205 ) is amended— in subsection (a)— by striking section 805(d) and inserting section 805(b) ; and by inserting and management after data collection ; in subsection (b)— in paragraph (1), by inserting deployment and after may include ; in paragraph (3), by striking social science research and inserting social and behavioral science research, including data collection, ; in paragraph (4), by striking and after the semicolon; by redesignating paragraph

(5)as paragraph (7); and by inserting after paragraph

(4)the following: develop decision support tools; leverage and prioritize research opportunities; and ; and by adding at the end the following: Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this subsection, and not less frequently than every 3 years thereafter, the Administrator, in consultation with the Interagency Council for Advancing Meteorological Services, shall develop a research and development and research to operations plan to improve tsunami detection and forecasting capabilities that— identifies and prioritizes research and development priorities to satisfy section 804; identifies key research needs for better detecting tsunamis that may occur in open ocean and along the coastlines of the United States and the territories of the United States, improve forecasting of tsunamis that are not seismically driven, and other opportunities determined appropriate; develops plans for transitioning research to operations; and identifies collaboration opportunities that may advance and align tsunami research, development, warnings, and operations between the centers supported or maintained under section 804, the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Tsunami Research, the National Science Foundation, the United States Geological Survey, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, institutions of higher education, private entities and other appropriate stakeholders. . Section 807(d) of the Tsunami Warning and Education Act ( 33 U.S.C. 3206(d) ) is amended by inserting and management after data sharing . Section 808 of the Tsunami Warning and Education Act ( 33 U.S.C. 3206a ) is amended— in subsection (b)(1), by inserting and behavioral after social ; and by adding at the end the following: The Panel shall terminate not later than 6 years after the date of the enactment of the Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Reauthorization Act of 2026 . . Section 809 of the Tsunami Warning and Education Act ( 33 U.S.C. 3207 ) is amended to read as follows: There are authorized to be appropriated to the Administrator to carry out this title $30,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2026 through 2030, of which— not less than 27 percent of the amount appropriated for each fiscal year shall be for activities conducted at the State level under the national tsunami hazard mitigation program under section 805; and not less than 8 percent of the amount appropriated shall be for the tsunami research program under section 806. .

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