Sec. 14. National Science Foundation quantum information science research and education activities

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Section 301 of the National Quantum Initiative Act ( 15 U.S.C. 8841 ) is amended— in the section heading, by inserting after , Engineering, and Technology ; Science in subsection (a), by striking science and engineering and inserting science, engineering, and technology ; in subsection (b)— in paragraph (1)— in subparagraph (A), by striking science and engineering and inserting science, engineering, and technology ; and in subparagraph (B)— by striking human resources and inserting education and workforce ; and by striking science and engineering and inserting science, engineering, and technology ; and in paragraph (2)— in subparagraph (A)— in clause (i)— by striking science and engineering and inserting science, engineering, and technology ; and by striking and after the semicolon; in clause (ii), by inserting and after the semicolon; and by adding at the end the following: to pursue research at the frontiers of quantum information science, engineering, and technology, and explore solutions to important challenges for the development and application of quantum technologies; ; in subparagraph (B), by striking science and engineering and inserting science, engineering, and technology ; in subparagraph (C), by striking science and engineering and inserting science, engineering, and technology ; in subparagraph (D), by striking and after the semicolon; in subparagraph (E), by striking the period and inserting ; and ; and by adding at the end the following: providing infrastructure to support academic quantum information science, engineering, and technology, including through existing infrastructure programs and new activities. ; by striking subsection

(c)and inserting the following: The Director of the National Science Foundation, in consultation with heads of Federal agencies as the Director considers appropriate, may use existing programs to make awards to institutions of higher education or nonprofit organizations (or consortia thereof)— to provide traineeships to graduate students at institutions of higher education within the United States who are citizens of the United States and who choose or plan to pursue master or doctoral degrees in quantum information science, engineering, and technology, or related fields; and to provide students with opportunities for research experiences in government or industry related to such students’ quantum studies. The Director of the National Science Foundation, in consultation with heads of Federal agencies as the Director considers appropriate, may use existing programs to support fellowships and scholarships for students at institutions of higher education for the purpose of— increasing quantum information science, engineering, and technology exposure for undergraduate and graduate STEM students; and increasing postgraduation employment opportunities for STEM students who demonstrate potential to pursue careers in quantum information science, engineering, and technology. An eligible participant in the fellowship and scholarship program under this paragraph shall— be enrolled in or have graduated from a STEM degree program at an institution of higher education within the United States; and have demonstrated interest in quantum information science, engineering, and technology, such as by taking not less than 1 quantum science or quantum-relevant course as part of the participant's degree program or by participating in a summer school program that focuses on quantum information science, engineering, and technology. Eligible fellowships and scholarship programs under this paragraph may include temporary quantum-related positions at Federal or State agencies, National Laboratories, private sector entities, institutions of higher education, the quantum centers established under section 202, the Multidisciplinary Centers for Quantum Research and Education established under section 302, the Quantum Reskilling, Education, and Workforce Coordination Hub under section 303, the National Quantum Information Science Research Centers established under section 402, and the initiatives established under section 503, or other quantum-relevant entities, as determined appropriate by the Director. Fellowships and scholarships awarded under this paragraph shall be competitively awarded through a merit-review process. The Director of the National Science Foundation may prioritize fellowships that include an industry partner that provides financial assistance to awardees for direct or indirect costs. The Director of the National Science Foundation shall seek to increase opportunities for quantum research for undergraduate students by encouraging proposals in quantum information science, engineering, and technology, through the research experiences for undergraduates provided under section 514 of the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 ( 42 U.S.C. 1862p–6 ). The Director of the National Science Foundation, in consultation with heads of Federal agencies the Director considers appropriate, may establish, or use existing, programs to support cooperative education programs between institutions of higher education and employers that increase opportunities for undergraduate students to acquire experiential learning and professional experiences in quantum information science, engineering, and technology. In carrying out the activities under this subsection, the Director of the National Science Foundation shall encourage recipients of awards under this subsection to partner with relevant Federal agencies, Federal laboratories, industry and other private sector organizations, and nonprofit organizations to facilitate the expansion of workforce pathways and hands-on learning experiences. ; in subsection (d)— in the subsection heading, by striking and inserting QISE ; QISET in paragraph (1)— by striking information science and engineering (referred to in this subsection as and inserting QISE ) information science, engineering, and technology (referred to in this subsection as ; and QISET ) by inserting and career and technical education entities after colleges ; in paragraph (2)— in subparagraph (A), by striking QISE and inserting quantum information science, engineering, and technology ; in subparagraph (D)— by inserting , engineering, and technology after science ; and by inserting , including those principles relevant to emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, microelectronics, and nanotechnology after fields ; by redesignating subparagraph

(F)as subparagraph (G); and by inserting after subparagraph

(E)the following: Methods to introduce security dimensions associated with quantum information science, engineering, and technology into STEM curricula. ; in paragraph (3), by striking QISE and inserting quantum information science, engineering, and technology ; and by striking paragraph (4); and by adding at the end the following: The Director of the National Science Foundation shall seek to increase opportunities to engage educators, principals, or other school leaders of kindergarten through grade 12 students in professional learning opportunities to enhance quantum information science, engineering, and technology knowledge, including by— providing hands-on training and research opportunities for such educators at Federal laboratories or institutions of higher education, or in industry; and developing best practices. In this subsection: The term eligible consortium means a consortium that— includes not less than 1 institution of higher education or eligible nonprofit organization; and may include— a private sector entity; a Federal laboratory; or a Federal, Tribal, State, local, or territorial government entity. The term eligible institution of higher education means an institution of higher education that, during the 3-year period prior to the year of an award under this section and according to the data published by the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics was not, on average, among the top 70 institutions in Federal research and development expenditures. The Director of the National Science Foundation, in consultation with the heads of Federal agencies the Director considers appropriate, shall make awards on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis to eligible institutions of higher education, eligible nonprofit organizations, or eligible consortia to increase research capacity, increase education and infrastructure capacity, and broaden participation in quantum information science, engineering, and technology and related disciplines, including by— supporting curriculum development in quantum information science, engineering, and technology as described in subsection (d); building upon the activities carried out under the Next Generation Quantum Leaders Pilot Program authorized under section 10661(f) of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act ( 42 U.S.C. 19261(f) ); and leveraging the readiness for the involvement of local research and education communities to secure a talent pipeline in quantum information science, engineering, and technology to meet the workforce needs of industry, government, and academia. To receive an award under this subsection, an eligible institution of higher education, eligible nonprofit organization, or eligible consortium shall submit to the Director of the National Science Foundation an application that includes the following: A plan to sustain proposed activities beyond the duration of the award. Proposed quantum information science, engineering, and technology disciplines and focus areas the eligible institution of higher education or consortium is prepared to engage in to significantly build up its quantum information science, engineering, and technology research and education capacity. A plan for education and workforce development, which may include— kindergarten through grade 12 and postsecondary education programs and activities; workforce training and career and technical education programs and activities; undergraduate, graduate, and postdoctoral education programs and activities; and informal education programs and activities. Awards under this subsection to support research and related activities may include activities relating to the following: Development or expansion of research programs in disciplines and focus areas specified in paragraph (3)(B). Faculty recruitment and professional development in disciplines and focus areas specified in paragraph (3)(B). Bridge programs focused on preparing postbaccalaureate students for graduate programs in quantum information science, engineering, and technology. Building research capacity and infrastructure at an eligible institution of higher education in disciplines and focus areas specified in paragraph (3)(B). An assessment of capacity-building and research infrastructure needs identified in paragraph (3)(B). Administrative research development support. Other activities necessary to build research capacity in quantum information science, engineering, and technology. In making awards under this subsection, the Director of the National Science Foundation may also consider the following: The extent to which the eligible applicant will support students from diverse backgrounds, including first-generation undergraduate students. The geographic and institutional diversity of eligible applicants. How the eligible applicant can leverage public-private partnerships and existing research partnerships with Federal agencies. How the eligible applicant prioritizes research security, including through educational efforts and furtherance of best practices for handling research that is supported by an award under this subsection. The Director of the National Science Foundation shall ensure awards made under this subsection are complementary to, and not duplicative of, existing programs. The Director of the National Science Foundation, in coordination with the Secretary of State and the heads of other Federal agencies, as appropriate, shall support international quantum information science, engineering, and technology research, as appropriate, to enhance international cooperation and meet United States commitments, including as part of the terms and conditions of bilateral or multilateral quantum information science, engineering, and technology research agreements. In carrying out this subsection, the Director of the National Science Foundation shall ensure alignment with the national strategy for quantum information science in accordance with Executive Order 14073 (87 Fed. Reg. 27909; relating to enhancing the National Quantum Advisory Committee) or successor strategies. The Director shall prioritize research programs with countries that have signed a quantum cooperation statement with the United States. None of the funds made available under this subsection may be obligated or expended to an institution of higher education that maintains a contract or agreement between such institution and a Confucius Institute, as defined in section 10339A of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act ( 42 U.S.C. 19039 ) or any successor of a Confucius Institute. None of the funds made available under this subsection may be obligated or expended to promote, establish, or finance quantum research activities between a United States entity and a foreign country of concern or foreign entity of concern, including the entity’s subsidiaries. In carrying out the activities described in this section, the Director of the National Science Foundation, in consultation with the heads of other Federal departments and agencies, as appropriate, shall award grants to institutions of higher education or eligible nonprofit organizations (or consortia thereof) to upgrade research facilities and improve access to research resources, such as equipment and instrumentation, that is needed for research and development in quantum information science, engineering, and technology. Grants under paragraph

(1)shall be used to facilitate quantum information science, engineering, and technology research and development, including by carrying out the following: Upgrading or adding research resources to— accelerate the development of quantum technologies, including capabilities focused on addressing the roadblocks to implementation; and meet the materials, advanced materials development, high performance computing, heterogeneous computing, networking, software, data, clean room, and device needs of the scientific community and the quantum supply chain. Enhancing access to equipment and instrumentation, including at partnering institutions, by facilitating information sharing, coordination, education, and training, including activities that provide meaningful hands-on learning experiences for students, including at community and technical colleges. Enabling professional staff to support the operation, scheduling, and improvement of research resources used for quantum information science, engineering, and technology. An institution of higher education or an eligible nonprofit organization (or a consortium thereof) seeking funding under this subsection shall submit to the Director of the National Science Foundation an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Director may require. .

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