Sec. 5. NAAQS monitoring network
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The Administrator shall require the deployment of 80 additional NCore multipollutant monitoring stations. All monitors at the stations required to be deployed pursuant to paragraph
(1)that measure pollutants for which the Administrator has established national ambient air quality standards shall— be Federal reference method or Federal equivalent method monitors; and produce monitoring data that are sufficient for determining whether the relevant national ambient air quality standard is met at the site. Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall ensure that all NCore multipollutant monitoring stations required to be deployed under subsection (a)(1) are— installed and integrated into the air quality monitoring system established pursuant to sections 110(a)(2)(B) and 319 of the Clean Air Act ( 42 U.S.C. 7410(a)(2)(B) , 7619); and after installation, operated and maintained on a continuing basis. Monitoring results from NCore multipollutant stations required to be deployed under subsection (a)(1) shall be used for— assessments of the compliance of areas with national ambient air quality standards; integrated science assessments in reviews of national ambient air quality standards established under section 109 of the Clean Air Act ( 42 U.S.C. 7409 ); evaluating disparities of pollution exposures within metropolitan areas; and such other purposes as the Administrator determines will promote the protection of public health from air pollution. The Administrator shall ensure that not fewer than 40 of the NCore multipollutant monitoring stations required to be deployed under subsection (a)(1)— are not limited to metropolitan statistical areas with populations of 50,000 or greater; and meet the requirement described in subparagraph (B). The requirement referred to in subparagraph (A)(ii) is that the NCore multipollutant monitoring stations shall be sited in census tracts that each meet 1 or more of the following criteria, with the specific site selected consistent with Appendix D to part 58 of title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of enactment of this Act), except that where the provisions of this Act conflict with that appendix, the provisions of this Act shall control: The rates of childhood asthma, adult asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart disease, or cancer are not less than 5 percent higher than the national average for that condition in the census tract. The percentage of people living below the poverty level, that are above age 18 without a high school diploma, or that are unemployed, is higher than the national average in the census tract. 2 or more major sources (as defined in section 501 of the Clean Air Act ( 42 U.S.C. 7661 )) are located within the census tract or adjacent census tracts combined. There is a higher-than-national-average population in the census tract of vulnerable or sensitive individuals who may be at greater risk than the general population of adverse health effects from exposure to 1 or more air pollutants for which national ambient air quality standards have been established under section 109 of the Clean Air Act ( 42 U.S.C. 7409 ). In determining and approving sites for NCore multipollutant monitoring stations required to be deployed under subsection (a)(1), the Administrator shall— invite proposals from or on behalf of residents of any community for the siting of the stations in that community, which may include inviting proposals through regional or virtual meetings; prioritize siting of the stations in census tracts or counties based on— the potential for the levels of 1 or more air pollutants to be monitored by the stations to reach or exceed the level of the applicable national ambient air quality standard established under section 109 of the Clean Air Act ( 42 U.S.C. 7409 ), including evidence of relevant industrial activity or nearby exceedances; the number of people who live, work, attend school, or recreate in the area or areas for which monitoring by the stations is reasonably anticipated to be representative with respect to air quality and the proportion of those people who are at higher risk than the general population of adverse health effects from the air pollutants monitored; the lack or inadequacy of existing air quality monitors for providing representative air quality data for the affected area or areas for the pollutants to be measured by the station; and the current designation of the area in which the monitoring station would be located as unclassifiable or in attainment for 1 or more of the pollutants to be monitored by that station; and prior to making siting determinations— hold at least 1 public hearing in or near each proposed siting location; provide public notice of the proposed siting locations and the hearings required under clause (i)— in the Federal Register; by email to persons who have requested notice of proposed siting determinations; by news release; and by posting on the public website of the Environmental Protection Agency; provide an opportunity for public comment for not less than 60 days after the date of publication of the notice required under clause
(ii)in the Federal Register; and publish online an explanation and record for the siting decisions of the Administrator. In determining under paragraph (2)(B)(i) the potential for an air pollutant to reach or exceed the level of the applicable standard, the Administrator may rely on hybrid methods that combine information from multiple sources, including monitors, sensors, modeling, and satellites. The Administrator shall deploy not fewer than 100 additional Federal reference method monitors or Federal equivalent method monitors for 1 or more air pollutants for which national ambient air quality standards have been established under section 109 of the Clean Air Act ( 42 U.S.C. 7409 ) in areas— that are unmonitored or undermonitored, as determined by the Administrator; and within which the Administrator determines, after public notice and comment, that adding those monitors is warranted— to detect whether the area is in nonattainment of the applicable national ambient air quality standards; and to improve the publicly available data on air quality for 1 or more of those air pollutants (or precursors to those air pollutants). In approving sites for new Federal reference method monitors or Federal equivalent method monitors required under this subsection, the Administrator shall prioritize siting of the stations in census tracts or counties in accordance with subsection (d)(2)(B). The Federal reference method monitors required under this subsection shall be in addition to, and not in lieu of, any monitors already deployed or planned for deployment by the Administrator, any State, any other governmental entity, or any other entity prior to the date of enactment of this Act. Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall— in coordination with the States, complete an assessment, which includes public input, on the status of all ambient air quality monitors that are part of Federal, State, or local networks and used for determining compliance with national ambient air quality standards, which shall identify— each monitor that is not operating properly and that needs to be repaired or replaced; and each monitor that is past the end of its ordinary useful life; and submit to Congress and make available on the public website of the Environmental Protection Agency a report that includes— a list of all monitors identified under paragraph (1); and a schedule and plan to restore to proper operation or replace all monitors included in the list under paragraph (1)(A) and to replace all monitors included on the list under paragraph (1)(B), with all restorations and replacements to be completed not later than 40 months after the date of enactment of this Act, except that the schedule and plan shall not apply to monitors— that have been discontinued in accordance with section 58.14(c) of title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of enactment of this Act); and for which such discontinuation is not subject to a judicial challenge; or for which a judicial challenge described in subclause
(I)has been fully resolved by a settlement or order that authorizes discontinuation of the monitor. Not later than 2 years after the date on which data are received from a monitor sited pursuant to this section that demonstrate that an area designated by the Administrator pursuant to paragraph
(1)of section 107(d) of the Clean Air Act ( 42 U.S.C. 7407(d) ) as in attainment or unclassifiable for an air pollutant is not meeting or is contributing to air quality in a nearby area that does not meet 1 or more applicable national ambient air quality standards, the Administrator shall redesignate pursuant to paragraph
(3)of that section that area as in nonattainment for that pollutant unless the designation is otherwise precluded under this Act. In this subsection, the term design value means, for each pollutant, the air quality statistic the Administrator defines in part 50 (including appendices) of title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of enactment of this Act), for comparison with the relevant national ambient air quality standard established under section 109 of the Clean Air Act ( 42 U.S.C. 7409 ), regardless of whether the regulation (including appendices) in part 50 of title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of enactment of this Act), uses the term design value . The Administrator shall consult with the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration on methods to facilitate the use of data from the satellites of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration or other entities for use in calculating design values under any national ambient air quality standards for PM 10 , PM 2.5 , ozone, and oxides of nitrogen for purposes of determining compliance or noncompliance with the national ambient air quality standards for those pollutants. Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall, after public notice in the Federal Register and a public comment period of not less than 60 days, promulgate regulations to specify procedures (including any modeling techniques) for using data described in subparagraph
(A)in combination with information from multiple sources, including monitors and modeling, to calculate the expected number of exceedances per year and the design values for PM 10 , PM 2.5 , ozone, and oxides of nitrogen for purposes of determining compliance or noncompliance with the national ambient air quality standards for those pollutants. The Administrator may enter into an arrangement with the National Academy of Sciences under which the National Academy of Sciences agrees to submit a report that describes the actions necessary, including new science and satellite assets, to enable the contribution of satellite monitoring to the calculation of design values and nonattainment determinations under any national ambient air quality standards for ozone and oxides of sulfur established under section 109 of the Clean Air Act ( 42 U.S.C. 7409 ). Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in coordination with the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, shall, after public notice in the Federal Register and a public comment period of not less than 60 days, promulgate regulations that provide a plan for the use of satellite monitoring data in calculating design values for the pollutants described in subparagraph (A). Not later than January 1, 2028, the Administrator shall implement the plan required by clause
(i)and provide for use of satellite data in calculating design values for the pollutants described in subparagraph (A). Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Administrator may not approve a State monitoring plan under section 58.10 of title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (or successor regulations), unless— the State provided, with respect to the State monitoring plan— public notice of the proposal of the plan in a highly accessible format in multiple languages, including a publicly accessible web page address where members of the public can at any time view the entire proposed plan and supporting materials; not less than 45 days for public comment; and an opportunity for public hearing; and the Administrator— proposes in the Federal Register to approve or disapprove of the State monitoring plan; provides not less than 45 days for public comment on the proposal described in subparagraph (A); and after consideration of any comments received pursuant to subparagraph (B), publishes in the Federal Register the final action on the proposal described in subparagraph (A). There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $75,000,000 for fiscal year 2026. The Administrator— may use the amounts made available to carry out this section— to directly deploy new or replacement NCore multipollutant monitoring stations required to be deployed under subsection (a)(1); or to make grants under section 103 or 105 of the Clean Air Act ( 42 U.S.C. 7403 , 7405) to State and local governments for deployment and operation of the NCore multipollutant monitoring stations required to be deployed under subsection (a)(1); and shall use not less than 5 percent, but not more than 10 percent, of the amounts made available to carry out this section to perform the maintenance and repairs necessary to restore to operation NCore multipollutant monitoring stations that are— as of the date of enactment of this Act, nonoperational; and located in areas that are designated as in nonattainment of national ambient air quality standards established under section 109 of the Clean Air Act ( 42 U.S.C. 7409 ) for ozone or particulate matter.
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