Sec. 102. Monitoring of marine carbon dioxide removal
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For field activities conducted as part of the Program, the Secretary shall, as practicable, provide or otherwise develop the instrumentation, infrastructure, and personnel for efficient and rigorous monitoring to— understand and minimize negative ecosystem, community, and economic impacts related to marine carbon dioxide removal; and maximize co-benefits of marine carbon dioxide removal for communities and ecosystems. In carrying out subsection (a), the Secretary shall— use monitoring assets to achieve the objectives described in section 101(b)(1); support compliance with applicable environmental law; support rigorous, science-based approaches for the research, development, and trialing of technologies for marine carbon dioxide removal; develop and improve technologies for monitoring, modeling, analyzing, remediating, or mitigating impacts from marine carbon dioxide removal; study ecosystem responses to marine carbon dioxide removal technology; and collect data to inform the development of uniform standards and protocols for marine carbon dioxide removal, including— the amount of carbon dioxide removed from the ocean and the atmosphere attributable to marine carbon dioxide removal; the duration of carbon sequestration and risk of reversal of sequestration, as applicable; for marine carbon dioxide removal technologies that rely on an energy source, the amount of energy consumed by the technology; and other metrics the Secretary considers necessary or advisable.
To support the development of reliable, fair, and efficient voluntary carbon markets and best practices, the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Energy, may provide technical assistance to promote consistency, reliability, effectiveness, efficiency, and transparency, including through protocol documents and details relating to— calculations; sampling methodologies; accounting principles; systems for measurement, monitoring, reporting, and verification; and methods to account for additionality, durability and duration of carbon storage, leakage, and, as appropriate, avoidance of double counting.
The Secretary may examine and develop models for public-private-academic partnerships to efficiently monitor marine carbon dioxide removal, including with respect to— data sharing and standardization; cost sharing; in-kind contributions; and contracts and grants for third-party monitoring activities. In carrying out this section, the Secretary may enter into contracts the Secretary considers necessary or advisable. Subject to contracts protecting confidential proprietary data, the Secretary shall make monitoring data collected, and protocols created, under this section available to the public at no cost and with no restrictions on copying, publishing, distributing, citing, adapting, or otherwise using such data or protocols.
The Secretary may enter into cooperative research and development agreements that restrict data sharing and ensure protection of intellectual property for such users of research areas designated or established under section 103 as the Secretary considers appropriate.