Sec. 301. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
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In this section, the term Under Secretary means the Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere. The Secretary of Commerce shall incorporate carbon dioxide removal scientific objectives into the mission responsibilities of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for oceans and coastal area programs. In carrying out research, development, and demonstration under this section, the Under Secretary shall seek to develop a better understanding of the efficacy and impacts of carbon dioxide removal approaches in coastal areas and the ocean to help determine which could be feasible for larger scale deployment.
In carrying out research, development, and demonstration under this section, the Under Secretary shall conform to national and international governance frameworks and employ stringent monitoring to understand and minimize negative ecosystem and social impacts and maximize co-benefits for communities and marine ecosystems. The Climate Program Office of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (referred to in this subsection as the Office ) shall serve as the focal point for coordination and information dissemination on carbon dioxide removal activities across the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, with an emphasis on technological approaches.
The Office shall— coordinate all National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration carbon dioxide removal research, development, and demonstration on technologically enhanced coastal and ocean carbon capture, conversion, and storage; support the development and application of technologically enhanced methods of coastal and ocean carbon dioxide removal consistent with the research objectives and considerations described in subsection (c); and ensure effective utilization of the ocean research assets of the Administration, the National Science Foundation, and the Coast Guard in implementing carbon dioxide removal research projects.
The Director of the Office shall— coordinate existing ocean acidification monitoring and data collection programs in existence as of the date of enactment of this Act with the carbon dioxide removal research portfolio of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; and modify existing ocean acidification program plans to incorporate carbon dioxide removal research objectives. The Under Secretary shall carry out research, development, and demonstration activities in each of the areas described in this subsection.
The Under Secretary shall carry out fundamental research of coastal ecosystem carbon dioxide sequestration. The Under Secretary shall carry out the activities described in subparagraph
(A)in collaboration with the Director of the National Science Foundation. The Under Secretary shall carry out mapping and evaluation of coastal marine ecosystems for carbon dioxide removal potential. The Under Secretary shall carry out the activities described in subparagraph
(A)in collaboration with the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Under Secretary shall carry out monitored field trials of coastal wetlands restoration optimized for carbon dioxide removal. The Under Secretary shall carry out the activities described in subparagraph
(A)in coordination with the grant program under section 906 of the National Oceans and Coastal Security Act ( 16 U.S.C. 7505 ) and the Ecosystem Management and Restoration Research Program of the Corps of Engineers. The Under Secretary shall integrate data on coastal ecosystem carbon dioxide removal research into the Digital Coast program established under section 4(a) of the Digital Coast Act ( 16 U.S.C. 1467(a) ). The Under Secretary shall conduct research and modeling on the effect of ocean circulation on carbon dioxide uptake from the atmosphere in response to intentional carbon dioxide removal from the ocean. The Under Secretary shall research management best practices and phenotype selection for and use of aquatic macroalgae biomass production optimized for carbon dioxide removal, including limited-scale experiments at sea, designed and monitored to avoid impacts beyond the zone of the experiment. The Under Secretary shall carry out the activities described in subparagraph
(A)in collaboration with the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy of the Department of Energy. The Under Secretary shall take all feasible and prudent measures to minimize risk of economic, environmental, and social harm caused by invasive species. The Under Secretary shall conduct limited-scale experiments on alkalinity enhancement techniques at sea, designed and monitored to avoid impacts beyond the zone of the experiment. The Under Secretary shall carry out the activities described in subparagraph
(A)in collaboration with the Director of the National Science Foundation. The Under Secretary shall conduct research and modeling on electrochemical seawater extraction, including process design and locations for minimizing resource requirements, downstream chemical and biological impacts, and storage or utilization methods. The Under Secretary shall conduct fundamental research and modeling on the impacts and effectiveness of ocean iron fertilization and nitrogen and phosphorous fertilization research. The Under Secretary shall carry out the activities described in subparagraph
(A)in collaboration with the Director of the National Science Foundation and the Director of the Office of Science of the Department of Energy. The Under Secretary shall conduct limited-scale experiments on ocean macronutrient fertilization, designed and monitored to avoid impacts beyond the zone of the experiment and within internationally recognized frameworks. The Under Secretary shall carry out the activities described in subparagraph
(A)in collaboration with the Director of the National Science Foundation. The Under Secretary shall conduct research on the impact and effectiveness of upwelling and downwelling as a carbon dioxide removal approach. The Under Secretary shall conduct monitoring, research, modeling, and small-scale field trials on ecological and social impacts of coastal and deep ocean carbon dioxide removal techniques. The Under Secretary shall carry out the activities described in subparagraph
(A)in collaboration with the Director of the Office of Science of the Department of Energy. The Under Secretary shall conduct enhanced ocean, coastal, and atmospheric monitoring, quantification, and verification of carbon dioxide removal. The Under Secretary shall conduct other carbon dioxide removal research, development, and demonstration activities, as determined by the Under Secretary. In carrying out the activities under subsection (e), the Under Secretary shall receive input from the Director of the Office. There are authorized to be appropriated to the Under Secretary to carry out subsection (d)— $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; $124,000,000 for fiscal year 2027; $148,000,000 for fiscal year 2028; $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2029; $138,000,000 for fiscal year 2030; $126,000,000 for fiscal year 2031; $117,000,000 for fiscal year 2032; and $105,000,000 for fiscal year 2033. In carrying out this section, the Under Secretary, acting through the Director of the Office, shall— coordinate with the Secretary of State and appropriate international entities; ensure compliance with all current international agreements, including voluntary compliance agreements where the United States is not an official signatory; and to the extent practicable, seek joint sponsorship for experiments.
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