Sec. 6. Investing in decarbonization and infrastructure

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For fiscal year 2026 and each fiscal year thereafter, there are appropriated, out of any funds in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to the Environmental Protection Agency an amount equal to 2 percent of the amounts collected pursuant to surcharges assessed under sections 4(b) and 5 during the previous calendar year to support the administration of the reporting program under section 4(a) and the assessment of surcharges under sections 4(b) and 5. In this subsection: The term air pollutant means any air pollutant that is listed pursuant to section 108(a) of the Clean Air Act ( 42 U.S.C. 7408(a) ) and any precursor to such an air pollutant.

The term zero-emission airport equipment or technology means human-equipment or human-maintained technology at an airport that produces zero emissions of any air pollutant and any greenhouse gas. For fiscal year 2026 and each fiscal year thereafter, there are appropriated, out of any funds in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to the Environmental Protection Agency an amount equal to 25 percent of the amounts collected pursuant to surcharges assessed under sections 4(b) and 5 during the previous calendar year to award rebates and grants to eligible recipients on a competitive basis— to purchase or install zero-emission airport equipment or technology for use at 1 or more airports; to finance airport infrastructure improvement projects that would reduce the emission of air pollutants and greenhouse gases related to the operations of the airport; and to conduct any relevant planning or permitting in connection with the purchase or installation of zero-emission airport equipment or technology.

An entity eligible to receive an award under the program established under paragraph

(2)is— a State (including the District of Columbia and territories of the United States), regional, local, or Tribal agency that has jurisdiction over an airport; an airport authority; and a private entity that— applies for an award under this subsection in partnership with an entity described in subparagraph

(A)or (B); and owns, operates, or uses airport equipment or technology. An eligible entity seeking an award under the program established under paragraph

(2)shall submit to the Administrator an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Administrator may require. In selecting the recipients of awards under the program established under paragraph (2), the Administrator shall give priority to projects that would— maximize the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions; maximize the public health benefits from the reduction of air pollutants; maximize public health and environmental benefits from every dollar spent under the program; and alleviate air pollution in poor air quality areas, including— areas identified by the Administrator as in nonattainment or maintenance of national ambient air quality standards promulgated under section 109 of the Clean Air Act ( 42 U.S.C. 7409 ) for criteria air pollutants; and other areas that receive a disproportionate quantity of air pollution, as determined by the Administrator. For fiscal year 2026 and each fiscal year thereafter, there are appropriated, out of any funds in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to the Environmental Protection Agency an amount equal to 3 percent of the amounts collected pursuant to surcharges assessed under sections 4(b) and 5 during the previous calendar year— to conduct a study to determine strategies for reducing the impact of the aviation industry on air quality and the environment; and to promulgate regulations to mitigate the impacts described in subparagraph (A). Not later than January 1, 2030, and not later than January 1 every 5 years thereafter, the Administrator shall carry out, and make a report publicly available describing the results of, a study to determine strategies for reducing the impact of the aviation industry on air quality and the environment. The study required under subparagraph

(A)shall include consideration of— the technological requirements for achieving net zero greenhouse gas emissions across the aviation sector by 2050; the impacts of the production of biofuels on land use and on other sectors competing for the use of agricultural land; and the disproportionate impact of pollution from the aviation industry on the communities surrounding airports and along high-traffic air corridors. Not later than 3 years after the date on which the Administrator completes a study under paragraph (2), the Administrator shall— promulgate regulations to implement appropriate measures to mitigate, to the greatest extent achievable considering the results of the study carried out under paragraph (2)(A), any adverse impacts on air quality or the environment from the aviation industry; or make a determination that no regulations described in subparagraph

(A)are necessary. For fiscal year 2026 and each fiscal year thereafter, there are appropriated, out of any funds in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to the Highway Trust Fund an amount equal to 15 percent of the amounts collected pursuant to surcharges assessed under sections 4(b) and 5 during the previous calendar year. For fiscal year 2026 and each fiscal year thereafter, there are appropriated, out of any funds in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to the Environmental Protection Agency an amount equal to 15 percent of the amounts collected pursuant to surcharges assessed under sections 4(b) and 5 during the previous calendar year to make environmental and climate justice block grants in accordance with section 138 of the Clean Air Act ( 42 U.S.C. 7438 ). For fiscal year 2026 and each fiscal year thereafter, there are appropriated, out of any funds in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to the Department of Energy an amount equal to 30 percent of the amounts collected pursuant to surcharges assessed under sections 4(b) and 5 during the previous calendar year to support the research, development, and demonstration of sustainable aviation fuel and underlying technologies at the Bioenergy Technologies Office. For fiscal year 2026 and each fiscal year thereafter, there are appropriated, out of any funds in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to the Federal Aviation Administration an amount equal to 5 percent of the amounts collected pursuant to surcharges assessed under sections 4(b) and 5 during the previous calendar year to carry out the program described under the heading under the heading Airport Infrastructure Grants in title VIII of division J of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act ( Federal Aviation Administration Public Law 117–58 ; 135 Stat. 1416). For fiscal year 2026 and each fiscal year thereafter, there are appropriated, out of any funds in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to the Federal Aviation Administration an amount equal to 5 percent of the amounts collected pursuant to surcharges assessed under sections 4(b) and 5 during the previous calendar year to operate the Center of Excellence for Alternative Jet Fuels and Environment.

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