Sec. 2. Definitions
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In this Act: The term Administrator means the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The term artificial intelligence means a machine-based system that can, for a given set of human-defined objectives, make predictions, recommendations, or decisions influencing real or virtual environments, including by using machine-based and human-based inputs— to abstract such objectives into models through analysis in an automated manner; and to use model inferences to generate information or formulate options for action.
The term artificial intelligence includes machine learning, neural networks, and natural language processing. The term artificial intelligence weather model means a weather model based primarily on artificial intelligence to project future Earth system conditions based on machine learning from an Earth system reanalysis dataset. The term curate means to collect, maintain, and update periodically a dataset— to ensure and document its quality; and to provide metadata on its provenance.
The term numerical weather model means a weather model based primarily on coupled Earth system processes and that uses numerical computation to forecast future Earth system conditions. The term observational data means data from actual observations of environmental conditions, including remote sensing and in situ platforms. The term open license has the meaning given that term in section 3502(21) of title 44, United States Code. The term reforecast analysis means the assessment of a numerical weather model or artificial intelligence weather model by comparing model output and observational data over a period of time in the past.
The term synthetic data means data produced from a model or statistical method in order to fill gaps in observational data. The term training dataset means a dataset used to train an artificial intelligence model. The term weather enterprise has the meaning given such term in section 2 of the Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 2017 ( 15 U.S.C. 8501 ). The term weather forecasting training dataset means a dataset that contains continuous global observational data and synthetic data for Earth system variables relevant to weather forecasting, aviation weather, marine weather, and hydrology or water management, including data from model reanalysis and forecasts initialized through a data assimilation system.
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