Sec. 113. Enforcement authority
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In this subsection— the term employee means an employee described in subparagraph
(A)or
(B)of section 111(1); and the term employer means an employer described in subclause
(I)or
(II)of section 111(2)(A)(i). To ensure compliance with the provisions of this subtitle, or any regulation or order issued under this subtitle, the Secretary shall have the investigative authority provided under section 11(a) of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 ( 29 U.S.C. 211(a) ), with respect to employers, employees, and other individuals affected. For the purposes of any investigation provided for in this paragraph, the Secretary shall have the subpoena authority provided for under section 9 of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 ( 29 U.S.C. 209 ). An action to recover the damages or equitable relief prescribed in subparagraph
(B)may be maintained against any employer in any Federal or State court of competent jurisdiction by one or more employees or individuals or their representative for and on behalf of— the employees or individuals; or the employees or individuals and others similarly situated. Any employer who violates section 112 shall be liable to any employee or individual affected— for damages equal to— the amount of— any wages, salary, employment benefits, or other compensation denied or lost by reason of the violation; or in a case in which wages, salary, employment benefits, or other compensation have not been denied or lost, any actual monetary losses sustained as a direct result of the violation up to a sum equal to 56 hours of wages or salary for the employee or individual; the interest on the amount described in subclause
(I)calculated at the prevailing rate; and an additional amount as liquidated damages; and for such equitable relief as may be appropriate, including employment, reinstatement, and promotion. The court in an action under this paragraph shall, in addition to any judgment awarded to the plaintiff, allow a reasonable attorney’s fee, reasonable expert witness fees, and other costs of the action to be paid by the defendant. The Secretary shall receive, investigate, and attempt to resolve complaints of violations of section 112 in the same manner that the Secretary receives, investigates, and attempts to resolve complaints of violations of sections 6 and 7 of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. 206 and 207). The Secretary may bring an action in any court of competent jurisdiction to recover the damages described in paragraph (3)(B)(i). Any sums recovered by the Secretary pursuant to subparagraph
(B)shall be held in a special deposit account and shall be paid, on order of the Secretary, directly to each employee or individual affected. Any such sums not paid to an employee or individual affected because of inability to do so within a period of 3 years shall be deposited into the Treasury of the United States as miscellaneous receipts. Except as provided in subparagraph (B), an action may be brought under paragraph (3), (4), or
(6)not later than 2 years after the date of the last event constituting the alleged violation for which the action is brought. In the case of an action brought for a willful violation of section 112, such action may be brought not later than 3 years after of the last event constituting the alleged violation for which such action is brought. In determining when an action is commenced under paragraph (3), (4), or
(6)for the purposes of this paragraph, it shall be considered to be commenced on the date when the complaint is filed. The district courts of the United States shall have jurisdiction, for cause shown, in an action brought by the Secretary— to restrain violations of section 112, including the restraint of any withholding of payment of wages, salary, employment benefits, or other compensation, plus interest, found by the court to be due to employees or individuals eligible under this subtitle; or to award such other equitable relief as may be appropriate, including employment, reinstatement, and promotion. The Solicitor of Labor may appear for and represent the Secretary on any litigation brought under paragraph
(4)or (6). Notwithstanding any other provision of this subsection, in the case of the Government Accountability Office and the Library of Congress, the authority of the Secretary of Labor under this subsection shall be exercised respectively by the Comptroller General of the United States and the Librarian of Congress. The powers, remedies, and procedures provided in the Congressional Accountability Act of 1995 ( 2 U.S.C. 1301 et seq. ) to the Board (as defined in section 101 of that Act ( 2 U.S.C. 1301 )), or any person, alleging a violation of section 202(a)(1) of that Act ( 2 U.S.C. 1312(a)(1) ) shall be the powers, remedies, and procedures this subtitle provides to that Board, or any person, alleging an unlawful employment practice in violation of this subtitle against an employee described in section 111(1)(C). 5 of title 3 , United States Code The powers, remedies, and procedures provided in chapter 5 of title 3, United States Code, to the President, the Merit Systems Protection Board, or any person, alleging a violation of section 412(a)(1) of that title, shall be the powers, remedies, and procedures this subtitle provides to the President, that Board, or any person, respectively, alleging an unlawful employment practice in violation of this subtitle against an employee described in section 111(1)(D). 63 of title 5, United States Code The powers, remedies, and procedures provided in title 5, United States Code, to an employing agency, provided in chapter 12 of that title to the Merit Systems Protection Board, or provided in that title to any person, alleging a violation of chapter 63 of that title, shall be the powers, remedies, and procedures this subtitle provides to that agency, that Board, or any person, respectively, alleging an unlawful employment practice in violation of this subtitle against an employee described in section 111(1)(E).
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