Sec. 401. Protection from retaliation
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Section 105(c) ( 30 U.S.C. 815(c) ) is amended to read as follows: No person shall discharge, or in any manner discriminate against, cause to be discharged, cause discrimination against, or otherwise interfere with the exercise of the statutory rights of, any miner or other employee of an operator, representative of miners, or applicant for employment at a mine of such operator (including the spouse, sibling, child, or parent of such miner, employee, representative, or applicant, if such spouse, sibling, child, or parent is employed or applying for employment at a mine under the control of such operator)— because such miner, employee, representative, or applicant— has filed or made a complaint, or is about to file or make a complaint, including a complaint notifying such operator or the operator’s agent, or the representative of the miners at such mine, of an alleged danger or safety or health violation in such mine; has instituted or caused to be instituted, or is about to institute or cause to be instituted, any proceeding under or related to this Act; has testified, or is about to testify, in any such proceeding or has testified, or is about to testify, before Congress or in any Federal or State proceeding related to safety or health in a coal or other mine; has exercised on behalf of any individual, including such miner, employee, representative, or applicant, any such statutory right; has reported to such operator or agent any injury or illness; or has refused to violate any provision of this Act, including any mandatory health or safety standard or regulation promulgated under this Act; because such miner is the subject of medical evaluations and potential transfer under a standard published pursuant to section 101; or where the discharge, discrimination, or other interference was based on a suspicion or belief that such miner, employee, representative, or applicant engaged in, or is about to engage in, any of the activities described in clause (i).
No person shall discharge or in any manner discriminate against a miner or other employee of an operator, or applicant for employment at a mine of such operator, for refusing to perform the duties of a miner, other employee, or applicant if such miner, other employee, or applicant has a good-faith and reasonable belief that performing such duties would pose a safety or health hazard to such miner, other employee, or applicant, or to any other miner or employee. For purposes of clause (i), the circumstances causing the miner’s, other employee’s, or applicant's good-faith belief that performing such duties would pose a safety or health hazard shall be of such a nature that a reasonable person, under the circumstances confronting the miner, other employee, or applicant, would conclude that there is such a hazard.
In order to qualify for protection under this paragraph, the miner, other employee, or applicant, when practicable, shall have communicated or attempted to communicate the safety or health concern to the operator and have not received from the operator a response reasonably calculated to allay such concern. Any miner or other employee of an operator, representative of miners, or applicant for employment at a mine of such operator who believes that he or she has been discharged, disciplined, or otherwise discriminated against by any person in violation of paragraph
(1)may file a complaint with the Secretary alleging such discrimination not later than 180 days after the later of— the last date on which an alleged violation of paragraph
(1)occurs; or the date on which such miner, employee, representative, or applicant knows or should reasonably have known that such alleged violation occurred. Upon receipt of a complaint under paragraph (2), the Secretary shall— forward a copy of the complaint to the respondent; commence an investigation within 15 days of the Secretary’s receipt of the complaint; and as soon as practicable after commencing the investigation under clause (ii), make the determination required under subparagraph (B). If the Secretary finds that a complaint under paragraph
(2)was not frivolously brought, the Commission, on an expedited basis upon application of the Secretary, shall order the immediate reinstatement of the miner, employee, or representative described in such paragraph until there has been a final Commission order disposing of the underlying complaint. If either the Secretary or such miner, employee, or representative pursues the underlying complaint, such reinstatement shall remain in effect until the Commission has disposed of such complaint on the merits, regardless of whether the Secretary pursues such complaint by filing a complaint under subparagraph
(D)or the miner or other employee pursues such complaint by filing an action under paragraph (4). If neither the Secretary nor such miner, employee, or representative pursues the underlying complaint within the periods specified in paragraph (4), such reinstatement shall remain in effect until such time as the Commission may, upon motion of the operator and after providing notice and an opportunity to be heard to the parties, vacate such complaint for failure to prosecute. Such investigation shall include interviewing the complainant and— providing the respondent an opportunity to submit to the Secretary a written response to the complaint and to present statements from witnesses or provide evidence; and providing the complainant an opportunity to receive any statements or evidence provided to the Secretary and to provide additional information or evidence, or to rebut any statements or evidence. If, upon such investigation, the Secretary determines that the provisions of this subsection have been violated, the Secretary shall immediately file a complaint with the Commission, with service upon the alleged violator and the miner, employee, representative, or applicant described in paragraph
(2)alleging such discrimination or interference and propose an order granting appropriate relief. The Commission shall afford an opportunity for a hearing on the record (in accordance with section 554 of title 5, United States Code, but without regard to subsection (a)(3) of such section) and thereafter shall issue an order, based upon findings of fact, affirming, modifying, or vacating the Secretary’s proposed order, or directing other appropriate relief. Such order shall become final 30 days after its issuance. The complaining miner, employee, representative, or applicant described in paragraph
(2)may present additional evidence on his or her own behalf during any hearing held pursuant to this paragraph. The Commission shall have authority in such proceedings to require a person committing a violation of this subsection to take such affirmative action to abate the violation and prescribe a remedy as the Commission considers appropriate, including— the rehiring or reinstatement of the miner, employee, or representative described in paragraph
(2)with back pay and interest and without loss of position or seniority, and restoration of the terms, rights, conditions, and privileges associated with the complainant’s employment; any other compensatory and consequential damages sufficient to make the complainant whole, and exemplary damages where appropriate; and expungement of all warnings, reprimands, or derogatory references that have been placed in paper or electronic records or databases of any type relating to the actions by the complainant that gave rise to the unfavorable personnel action, and, at the complainant’s direction, transmission of a copy of the decision on the complaint to any person whom the complainant reasonably believes may have received such unfavorable information. Not later than 90 days after the receipt of a complaint filed under paragraph (2), the Secretary shall notify, in writing, the miner, employee, representative, or applicant described in paragraph
(2)of the determination of such Secretary on whether a violation has occurred. If the Secretary, upon investigation, determines that the provisions of this subsection have not been violated, the complainant shall have the right, within 30 days after receiving notice of the Secretary’s determination, to file an action in his or her own behalf before the Commission, charging discrimination or interference in violation of paragraph
(1). The Commission shall afford an opportunity for a hearing on the record (in accordance with section 554 of title 5, United States Code, but without regard to subsection (a)(3) of such section), and thereafter shall issue an order, based upon findings of fact, dismissing or sustaining the complainant’s charges and, if the charges are sustained, granting such relief as it deems appropriate as described in paragraph (3)(F) . Such order shall become final 30 days after its issuance. In adjudicating a complaint pursuant to this subsection, the Commission may determine that a violation of paragraph
(1)has occurred only if the complainant demonstrates that any conduct described in paragraph
(1)with respect to the complainant was a contributing factor in the adverse action alleged in the complaint. A decision or order that is favorable to the complainant shall not be issued pursuant to this subsection if the respondent demonstrates by clear and convincing evidence that the respondent would have taken the same adverse action in the absence of such conduct. Whenever an order is issued sustaining the complainant’s charges under this subsection, a sum equal to the aggregate amount of all costs and expenses, including attorney’s fees, as determined by the Commission to have been reasonably incurred by the complainant for, or in connection with, the institution and prosecution of such proceedings shall be assessed against the person committing such violation. The Commission shall determine whether such costs and expenses were reasonably incurred by the complainant without reference to whether the Secretary also participated in the proceeding. Proceedings under this subsection shall be expedited by the Secretary and the Commission. Any order issued by the Commission under this subsection shall be subject to judicial review in accordance with section 106. Violations by any person of paragraph
(1)shall be subject to the provisions of sections 108 and 110(a)(4). The rights and remedies provided for in this subsection may not be waived by any agreement, policy, form, or condition of employment, including by any pre-dispute arbitration agreement or collective bargaining agreement. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to diminish the rights, privileges, or remedies of any individual who exercises rights under any Federal or State law or common law, or under any collective bargaining agreement. .
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Sec. 401
Protection from retaliation
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