Sec. 2. Findings
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Congress finds the following: According to the National Cancer Institute, excluding cancers of the skin, breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women. According to the National Cancer Institute, an estimated 39,510 women and 410 men died from breast cancer in 2012. According to the National Cancer Institute, in 2012 an estimated 226,870 new cases of breast cancer were diagnosed in women, and an estimated 2,190 breast cancer cases were diagnosed in men. According to the American Cancer Society, most breast cancer patients undergo some type of surgical treatment, which may involve lumpectomy or mastectomy with removal of some of the axillary lymph nodes.
The offering and operation of health plans affect commerce among the States. Health care providers located in a State serve patients who reside in the State and patients who reside in other States. In order to provide for uniform treatment of health care providers and patients among the States, it is necessary to cover health plans operating in one State as well as health plans operating among the several States. Research has indicated that treatment for breast cancer varies according to type of insurance coverage and State of residence.
Breast cancer patients have reported adverse outcomes, including infection and inadequately controlled pain, resulting from premature hospital discharge following breast cancer surgery.